吐魯番概況

　　吐魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)地(di)區(qu)位于(yu)天山東部山間盆地(di)，是內地(di)連(lian)接新疆、中(zhong)亞地(di)區(qu)及南(nan)北疆的(de)重要通道(dao)。總面(mian)積約7萬平方公(gong)里，轄吐魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)市、鄯善縣(xian)、托克(ke)遜縣(xian)，共有26個鄉(鎮)，總人口約55.9萬，以維吾爾(er)族(zu)(zu)為(wei)主的(de)少數民族(zu)(zu)占(zhan)77.1%，漢族(zu)(zu)占(zhan)22.9%。吐魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)地(di)區(qu)氣候(hou)獨特，資(zi)源(yuan)富(fu)集，主要有三大優勢資(zi)源(yuan)：

　　一是(shi)光熱(re)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)，盆(pen)地內干燥少雨，年(nian)降雨量(liang)(liang)16毫米(mi)左右(you)，年(nian)蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)3600多毫米(mi)，日照充足。全(quan)年(nian)日照時數(shu)為(wei)3200小時，10℃以(yi)上有(you)(you)效積溫5300℃以(yi)上，無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)達210天(tian)。優越的(de)光熱(re)條件和獨特的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，使這(zhe)里(li)盛產葡萄(tao)、哈(ha)密瓜、長絨棉、反季節(jie)蔬菜(cai)等經濟作(zuo)物。二是(shi)礦產資(zi)源(yuan)種(zhong)類繁多。現已探明65種(zhong)礦產，石油、天(tian)然(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)、煤炭、黃金(jin)、鐵、銅、芒硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、花(hua)崗巖、鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)石、鈉(na)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)石、硼(peng)潤土等礦產儲量(liang)(liang)大、品(pin)位(wei)高、極具現實(shi)開發(fa)價值和潛力。其中(zhong)，石油總資(zi)源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)15.75億(yi)噸(dun)(dun)，天(tian)然(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)總資(zi)源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)3650億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)，吐(tu)(tu)哈(ha)油田年(nian)原油生(sheng)(sheng)產能(neng)力300萬噸(dun)(dun)，去年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產155萬噸(dun)(dun)，天(tian)然(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)10億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)。鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)石、鈉(na)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)石是(shi)我(wo)國僅有(you)(you)的(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)、硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸鈉(na)資(zi)源(yuan)，為(wei)世界第二大鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)石、鈉(na)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)石礦產地。全(quan)地區煤炭資(zi)源(yuan)遠景(jing)儲量(liang)(liang)1340.97億(yi)噸(dun)(dun)，年(nian)開采(cai)量(liang)(liang)110萬噸(dun)(dun)。吐(tu)(tu)魯番地區花(hua)崗巖儲量(liang)(liang)大、成(cheng)色好。目(mu)前，全(quan)地區年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產荒料2萬多立方(fang)米(mi)，加工板(ban)材31萬平方(fang)米(mi)，“鄯(shan)善紅”已成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)國名(ming)牌產品(pin)。三是(shi)旅游(you)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)。吐(tu)(tu)魯番現有(you)(you)重點文物保護(hu)單位(wei)6處，自治區文物保護(hu)單位(wei)23處，有(you)(you)價值文物點189處。旅游(you)資(zi)源(yuan)之豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)和集中(zhong)居(ju)新(xin)疆第一，在國內也非(fei)常(chang)突(tu)出。

　　吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)是古絲綢之(zhi)路上的(de)重(zhong)鎮(zhen)，早在(zai)新石器時(shi)代，距(ju)今六七千年前，就有(you)了人類活(huo)(huo)動。當時(shi)人們(men)以(yi)狩獵、采集為主。進入奴隸(li)社會后(hou)，生產方式(shi)逐漸轉變為以(yi)農業為主，并漸漸在(zai)吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)定居下來。據(ju)《史記》的(de)記載，生活(huo)(huo)于吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)一(yi)帶的(de)土(tu)著(zhu)居民是姑(gu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)人。他們(men)在(zai)吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)上建立了姑(gu)師(shi)(shi)(shi))后(hou)稱車師(shi)(shi)(shi))國(guo)、狐胡國(guo)、小金附國(guo)、車師(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)城(cheng)長(chang)國(guo)、車師(shi)(shi)(shi)都尉國(guo)。西(xi)(xi)漢時(shi)期(qi)，中(zhong)國(guo)北部的(de)匈奴控(kong)制著(zhu)西(xi)(xi)域(yu)大部，并不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)侵擾漢朝。漢武(wu)帝建元三(san)年(前138)，派張騫出使西(xi)(xi)域(yu)，聯合西(xi)(xi)域(yu)各國(guo)，以(yi)斷(duan)(duan)匈奴的(de)“右臂”。“姑(gu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)地(di)(di)是開辟西(xi)(xi)域(yu)的(de)重(zhong)要通道，戰略地(di)(di)位極(ji)為重(zhong)要。由此，西(xi)(xi)漢王朝與匈奴對“姑(gu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)”展(zhan)開了長(chang)期(qi)的(de)反(fan)復爭奪。

　　漢(han)(han)(han)武帝元(yuan)封三(san)(san)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)108年(nian))，漢(han)(han)(han)遣將(jiang)軍(jun)趙破奴(nu)(nu)(nu)及王恢率(lv)騎(qi)數萬克樓(lou)(lou)蘭，破姑(gu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。姑(gu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)改(gai)稱車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，臣(chen)屬于西(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以博(bo)格達山(shan)(shan)南北(bei)形成車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。不久(jiu)，匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)又(you)控制了車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。漢(han)(han)(han)武帝天漢(han)(han)(han)三(san)(san)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)99年(nian))，漢(han)(han)(han)以匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)降(jiang)(jiang)將(jiang)介和王成娩為(wei)(wei)開陵候(hou)，率(lv)樓(lou)(lou)蘭國(guo)(guo)(guo)兵(bing)(bing)擊車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)遣右賢(xian)王率(lv)數萬騎(qi)救援，漢(han)(han)(han)兵(bing)(bing)敗歸(gui)。漢(han)(han)(han)征和四(si)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)89年(nian))，漢(han)(han)(han)又(you)派(pai)開陵候(hou)率(lv)樓(lou)(lou)蘭等六(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)兵(bing)(bing)共(gong)圍車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)王投降(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)。漢(han)(han)(han)昭帝元(yuan)平元(yuan)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)74年(nian))，匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)重(zhong)新(xin)占領車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，派(pai)四(si)千騎(qi)兵(bing)(bing)在此屯(tun)(tun)田(tian)(tian)。漢(han)(han)(han)宣(xuan)(xuan)帝本始(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)71年(nian))，漢(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)與(yu)烏孫(sun)聯兵(bing)(bing)從東西(xi)夾擊匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)，車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屯(tun)(tun)田(tian)(tian)匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)兵(bing)(bing)驚(jing)懼(ju)逃走。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)屬漢(han)(han)(han)。之后車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)王與(yu)匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)聯姻，漢(han)(han)(han)又(you)失車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。漢(han)(han)(han)宣(xuan)(xuan)帝地(di)節二(er)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)68年(nian))，漢(han)(han)(han)侍郎鄭吉率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)攻占車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交河城(cheng)，派(pai)駐(zhu)士兵(bing)(bing)300人屯(tun)(tun)田(tian)(tian)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)派(pai)兵(bing)(bing)再次(ci)爭(zheng)奪。漢(han)(han)(han)宣(xuan)(xuan)帝元(yuan)康四(si)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)62年(nian))，漢(han)(han)(han)放棄車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。漢(han)(han)(han)宣(xuan)(xuan)帝神(shen)爵(jue)二(er)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)60年(nian))，匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)內亂，匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)日逐王率(lv)眾(zhong)降(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之地(di)隨(sui)之歸(gui)屬漢(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)。這五(wu)次(ci)重(zhong)大的車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之爭(zheng)，史稱“五(wu)爭(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。西(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)在統(tong)一西(xi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的同(tong)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)60年(nian))，在西(xi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)設立都護府(fu)，鄭吉為(wei)(wei)首任都護。從此，西(xi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)歸(gui)入漢(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)版(ban)圖(tu)。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歸(gui)漢(han)(han)(han)后，漢(han)(han)(han)“分(fen)以為(wei)(wei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后王及山(shan)(shan)北(bei)六(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)”，把原來車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人的領地(di)按地(di)理形勢劃分(fen)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，其(qi)中車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在博(bo)格達山(shan)(shan)南現吐(tu)(tu)魯番(fan)境內。《漢(han)(han)(han)書、西(xi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)》載(zai)“車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，王治交河城(cheng)(今吐(tu)(tu)魯番(fan)市交河故(gu)城(cheng))，河水(shui)分(fen)流繞城(cheng)下，故(gu)號交河。去(qu)長(chang)安長(chang)八(ba)千一百(bai)五(wu)十(shi)里，戶七百(bai)，口六(liu)千 五(wu)十(shi)，勝兵(bing)(bing)千 八(ba)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)五(wu)人”。到東漢(han)(han)(han)光武帝建武元(yuan)年(nian)(25年(nian))車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)已全部吞并了吐(tu)(tu)魯番(fan)境內諸(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，交河城(cheng)成為(wei)(wei)吐(tu)(tu)魯番(fan)第一個政(zheng)治、經濟、文化中心(xin)。

　　西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)帝(di)初元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)48年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，漢(han)(han)朝(chao)在車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)設置(zhi)戊(wu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)校(xiao)尉(wei)，駐交河城(cheng)，掌管西(xi)(xi)(xi)域屯田事務。漢(han)(han)咸(xian)帝(di)陽朔四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)21年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，戊(wu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)校(xiao)尉(wei)移駐高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)壁(今(jin)吐魯(lu)番(fan)市高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)故城(cheng))。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)明帝(di)永平十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(75年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))后(hou)，匈奴反(fan)漢(han)(han)圍(wei)(wei)攻(gong)(gong)車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)，匈奴與漢(han)(han)朝(chao)又反(fan)復爭奪。戊(wu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)校(xiao)尉(wei)隨之幾經撤回(hui)、恢復。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)安(an)(an)帝(di)延光二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(123年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，西(xi)(xi)(xi)域長史班勇率兵五百出屯柳中(今(jin)鄯善縣(xian)魯(lu)克(ke)沁(qin))，攻(gong)(gong)克(ke)車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)。124年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，復置(zhi)戊(wu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)校(xiao)尉(wei)。晉(jin)(jin)朝(chao)，車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歸(gui)晉(jin)(jin)，晉(jin)(jin)朝(chao)戊(wu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)校(xiao)尉(wei)仍設在高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)滅(mie)亡后(hou)，涼(liang)(liang)(liang)州(今(jin)甘(gan)肅武威)形(xing)成(cheng)了張(zhang)氏(shi)割據(ju)政(zheng)權。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)咸(xian)和二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(327年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)王(wang)張(zhang)駿攻(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，擒獲叛將戊(wu)已(yi)(yi)(yi)校(xiao)尉(wei)趙(zhao)貞，始置(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)郡，立(li)田地縣(xian)。隸屬(shu)(shu)沙州(今(jin)甘(gan)肅敦(dun)煌)。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)太(tai)(tai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(376年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)秦符堅滅(mie)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)郡屬(shu)(shu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)秦、隸屬(shu)(shu)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)州。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)太(tai)(tai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(386年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，奉命西(xi)(xi)(xi)討龜茲(今(jin)庫車(che))的前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)秦大將呂光入(ru)破(po)伊(yi)吾關、攻(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)州，建后(hou)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)屬(shu)(shu)后(hou)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)394年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，呂光遣其(qi)子呂覆為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域大都(dou)護、鎮守(shou)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)安(an)(an)帝(di)隆安(an)(an)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(397年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，沮(ju)渠男成(cheng)推后(hou)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)建康(kang)(今(jin)甘(gan)肅酒(jiu)泉西(xi)(xi)(xi)南)太(tai)(tai)守(shou)段業為(wei)(wei)大都(dou)督(du)，涼(liang)(liang)(liang)州牧，建康(kang)公(gong)(gong)，改元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)神璽，占(zhan)(zhan)據(ju)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)隆安(an)(an)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(400年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，李高(gao)(gao)(gao)建立(li)西(xi)(xi)(xi)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)，在高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)設郡。車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臣屬(shu)(shu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)義熙八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(412年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，沮(ju)渠蒙(meng)遜建立(li)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)420年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)主(zhu)沮(ju)渠蒙(meng)遜攻(gong)(gong)滅(mie)西(xi)(xi)(xi)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)易主(zhu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)，車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)向(xiang)其(qi)稱(cheng)臣。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏太(tai)(tai)延五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(439年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏滅(mie)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)，闞(kan)爽自立(li)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)太(tai)(tai)守(shou)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)殘部(bu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)奔鄯善(今(jin)若羌縣(xian)境(jing))。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏太(tai)(tai)平真君(jun)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(442年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)殘部(bu)在沮(ju)渠無諱的率領下，攻(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，于翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)改元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)承平，號涼(liang)(liang)(liang)王(wang)。并西(xi)(xi)(xi)攻(gong)(gong)車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏太(tai)(tai)平真君(jun)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(450年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)部(bu)王(wang)伊(yi)洛(luo)隨魏軍西(xi)(xi)(xi)征，留子歇守(shou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。沮(ju)渠安(an)(an)周與柔然聯兵圍(wei)(wei)攻(gong)(gong)車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)交河城(cheng)，車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)兵敗(bai)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)奔焉耆(qi)，車(che)師(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)亡。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)魏和平元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(460年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，柔然滅(mie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，冊立(li)闞(kan)伯周為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)王(wang)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)，建立(li)了一(yi)(yi)個漢(han)(han)族地方(fang)王(wang)朝(chao)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)吐魯(lu)番(fan)的政(zheng)治、經濟、文化中心。

　　從闞伯(bo)周開(kai)始(shi)，吐魯番(fan)進(jin)入(ru)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)國時期。魏(wei)文帝太和五年(nian)(481年(nian))，高(gao)(gao)(gao)車首領(ling)阿伏(fu)至羅(luo)立張(zhang)孟明為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。公元(yuan)496年(nian)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)人殺(sha)張(zhang)孟明，另立馬儒(ru)為(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。公元(yuan)501年(nian)，馬儒(ru)內徙(xi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)舊人戀土，不愿東(dong)歸，遂殺(sha)馬儒(ru)而立麴嘉為(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。麴氏高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)國，曾先后依附(fu)于柔然、高(gao)(gao)(gao)車、突厥(jue)，臣服于北魏(wei)、西(xi)魏(wei)、周和隋，并受其冊(ce)封。王(wang)(wang)(wang)國建置為(wei)(wei)郡，縣(xian)、城(cheng)制(zhi)，縣(xian)下設(she)鄉，鄉下設(she)里。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)滅高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)時，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)國有交河、田地、南平3郡;白蘇(su)、永(yong)安、無(wu)半、鹽城(cheng)、柳婆、始(shi)昌(chang)、林(lin)、新興、龍(long)泉(quan)、安昌(chang)、酒泉(quan)、威(wei)神、橫截14縣(xian);高(gao)(gao)(gao)寧、臨川、寧戎、永(yong)昌(chang)、諸城(cheng)、篤進(jin)、東(dong)鎮7城(cheng)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)貞觀(guan)十三年(nian)(639年(nian))高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)叛唐(tang)(tang)(tang)，投西(xi)突厥(jue)，阻斷西(xi)域(yu)通(tong)道(dao)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)貞觀(guan)十四年(nian)(640年(nian))唐(tang)(tang)(tang)滅高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)國結束(shu)了180年(nian)的歷史。

　　公元640年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)派吏部(bu)尚書(shu)候(hou)君集(ji)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)河(he)道行(xing)軍大(da)總(zong)管率師伐(fa)高(gao)昌(chang)。平定(ding)高(gao)昌(chang)后(hou)(hou)，設西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)，改為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)，實行(xing)縣(xian)(xian)(鄉(xiang))、里制，下轄五縣(xian)(xian)。高(gao)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)、柳中(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)、交(jiao)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)、天山縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)托克遜(xun)縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei))、蒲昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)鄯善縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei))。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)置(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，設安(an)西(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)都(dou)護(hu)(hu)府于交(jiao)河(he)城，以(yi)喬師望為(wei)(wei)首任安(an)西(xi)(xi)(xi)都(dou)護(hu)(hu)兼西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)刺史。安(an)西(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)都(dou)護(hu)(hu)府領轄22個(ge)都(dou)督府，118個(ge)州(zhou)(zhou)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)貞觀二十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(648年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，安(an)西(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)都(dou)護(hu)(hu)府遷至龜(gui)(gui)茲(zi)(zi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)永(yong)徽(hui)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(651年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，復(fu)撤回(hui)西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)顯慶三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(658年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，再次遷龜(gui)(gui)茲(zi)(zi)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)改置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)都(dou)督府。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)龍朔二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(662年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，吐(tu)(tu)蕃軍隊(dui)進入(ru)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域，開始(shi)了(le)與(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)長(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域爭奪(duo)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)咸(xian)亨元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(670年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，吐(tu)(tu)蕃與(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)突厥聯(lian)兵攻(gong)陷西(xi)(xi)(xi)域十八州(zhou)(zhou)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)放棄(qi)安(an)西(xi)(xi)(xi)四鎮，退守西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)昌(chang)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(689年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))安(an)西(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)都(dou)護(hu)(hu)府復(fu)移至西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)長(chang)壽元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(692年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，又遷于龜(gui)(gui)茲(zi)(zi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)開元二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(714年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)置(zhi)(zhi)天山軍于西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)境。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)天寶元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(742年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，改西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)河(he)郡。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)乾元元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(758年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，又恢復(fu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)原建置(zhi)(zhi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)貞元六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(790年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，吐(tu)(tu)蕃與(yu)回(hui)鶻(gu)(gu)爭奪(duo)北庭(今(jin)吉(ji)木薩爾)，吐(tu)(tu)蕃占北庭。隨后(hou)(hou)，攻(gong)占西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)。吐(tu)(tu)蕃 與(yu)回(hui)鶻(gu)(gu)對西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)進行(xing)了(le)長(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)反復(fu)的(de)(de)爭奪(duo)，最終回(hui)鶻(gu)(gu)控制了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)。

　　唐咸(xian)通(tong)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(866年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，北庭回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)仆固俊(jun)克(ke)西(xi)(xi)州，建(jian)立(li)以高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)為中心的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)王(wang)國(guo)(guo)，國(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)城。史稱(cheng)“西(xi)(xi)州回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)”或(huo)“高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)”。高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)先后臣屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)遼、宋、西(xi)(xi)遼。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)太祖四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1209年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)殺西(xi)(xi)遼派駐高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)國(guo)(guo)的(de)“國(guo)(guo)監”，歸附(fu)蒙古。高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)王(wang)國(guo)(guo)稱(cheng)為畏(wei)兀(wu)兒(er)(er)王(wang)國(guo)(guo)，保(bao)留亦都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)護(hu)王(wang)治。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)太祖二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1225年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，成吉思汗(han)分封諸(zhu)子，高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)亦都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)護(hu)保(bao)持原轄(xia)地(di)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1274年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)于(yu)(yu)畏(wei)兀(wu)兒(er)(er)地(di)置(zhi)斷事官。1275年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，察合臺(tai)汗(han)國(guo)(guo)汗(han)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)哇(wa)與海(hai)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)聯兵反(fan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，率兵十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二萬，圍攻(gong)(gong)火(huo)(huo)(huo)州(高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)故城)長達六個月。畏(wei)兀(wu)兒(er)(er)亦都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)護(hu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)赤(chi)哈(ha)兒(er)(er)的(de)斤將其女送于(yu)(yu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)哇(wa)，叛軍(jun)解圍而去。之后，都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)哇(wa)又(you)圍攻(gong)(gong)火(huo)(huo)(huo)州。火(huo)(huo)(huo)州陷落。火(huo)(huo)(huo)赤(chi)哈(ha)兒(er)(er)的(de)斤退守哈(ha)密(mi)力(li)，哈(ha)密(mi)隨(sui)之攻(gong)(gong)陷。火(huo)(huo)(huo)赤(chi)哈(ha)兒(er)(er)的(de)斤戰死，其子紐林的(de)斤率部(bu)東奔(ben)甘(gan)肅(su)永昌(chang)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)昌(chang)回鶻(gu)(gu)(gu)王(wang)國(guo)(guo)名存實亡(wang)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1278年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在畏(wei)兀(wu)地(di)初設(she)提刑按(an)察司(si)，1281年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)撤(che)銷(xiao)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1280年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，置(zhi)交鈔(chao)提舉司(si)，專理至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鈔(chao)發行(xing)和管理。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1283年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，設(she)火(huo)(huo)(huo)州宣慰司(si)，掌管軍(jun)民事務。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)德(de)三至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1299-1302年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)哇(wa)控制了(le)火(huo)(huo)(huo)州。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)德(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1306年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，海(hai)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之子察八兒(er)(er)向元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)投降，叛亂告終。火(huo)(huo)(huo)州歸元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)直接管轄(xia)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1330年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)復(fu)立(li)總管府(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)州。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末，吐魯番(fan)分為柳城、火(huo)(huo)(huo)州、吐魯番(fan)三部(bu)，皆設(she)萬戶府(fu)(fu)達魯花赤(chi)，吐魯番(fan)地(di)名第一次(ci)出(chu)現(xian)。

　　元至(zhi)正七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(1347年(nian)(nian))，東(dong)察(cha)合臺(tai)汗(han)國攻占吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)、火(huo)州(zhou)、柳城(cheng)。吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)、火(huo)州(zhou)、柳城(cheng)臣(chen)屬(shu)東(dong)察(cha)合臺(tai)汗(han)國，并朝(chao)貢(gong)于明王(wang)朝(chao)。明正統(tong)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1448年(nian)(nian))，吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)地面也密力火(huo)者吞并火(huo)州(zhou)、柳城(cheng)，稱王(wang)。王(wang)都安(an)樂城(cheng)(今(jin)吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)市東(dong)郊安(an)樂故城(cheng))吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)的(de)政治、經濟、文化中(zhong)心(xin)開始(shi)在(zai)現今(jin)的(de)吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)市形(xing)成(cheng)。明成(cheng)化二十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1487年(nian)(nian))，阿黑(hei)麻(ma)在(zai)東(dong)察(cha)合臺(tai)汗(han)國東(dong)部的(de)吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)稱汗(han)，建都吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)(安(an)樂城(cheng))。明隆慶四年(nian)(nian)(1570年(nian)(nian))，葉(xie)爾羌汗(han)國占領(ling)吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)，吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)(lu)番(fan)(fan)屬(shu)葉(xie)爾羌汗(han)國。

　　清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)康(kang)熙(xi)十七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1678年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，準格爾(er)汗國(guo)曾(ceng)一度控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)，與清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)朝(chao)反復爭奪。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)雍正(zheng)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1732年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，準格爾(er)進攻(gong)吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)，額(e)敏和(he)卓(zhuo)不敵，率(lv)部八千(qian)余人遷(qian)入(ru)甘(gan)肅瓜州(今(jin)(jin)甘(gan)肅安(an)西)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)朝(chao)乾(qian)隆二十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1755年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)平定準格爾(er)，吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)屬清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)王(wang)朝(chao)。1756年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，額(e)敏和(he)卓(zhuo)率(lv)部遷(qian)回(hui)魯(lu)克沁(今(jin)(jin)鄯善(shan)(shan)(shan)縣魯(lu)克沁)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)隆二十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1758年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)封(feng)額(e)敏和(he)卓(zhuo)為郡(jun)王(wang)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)隆二十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1759年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)置辟(pi)(pi)展(zhan)(zhan)(今(jin)(jin)鄯善(shan)(shan)(shan)縣城(cheng)(cheng))辦事(shi)大(da)臣(chen)及同(tong)(tong)知(zhi)，隸甘(gan)肅布政司。建吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)六城(cheng)(cheng)：辟(pi)(pi)展(zhan)(zhan)(今(jin)(jin)鄯善(shan)(shan)(shan)縣城(cheng)(cheng))、吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)城(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)市東南(nan))、魯(lu)克沁、色更(geng)木(今(jin)(jin)勝(sheng)金)、哈喇和(he)卓(zhuo)、托(tuo)(tuo)克遜。辦事(shi)大(da)臣(chen)駐辟(pi)(pi)展(zhan)(zhan)。設辦事(shi)大(da)臣(chen)后，吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)實行(xing)軍(jun)府制(zhi)(zhi)與扎(zha)薩克制(zhi)(zhi)并行(xing)，扎(zha)薩克由郡(jun)王(wang)擔任。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)隆三十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1771年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))設辟(pi)(pi)展(zhan)(zhan)巡檢。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)隆四(si)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1779年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，辟(pi)(pi)展(zhan)(zhan)辦事(shi)大(da)臣(chen)改為吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)領(ling)隊(dui)大(da)臣(chen)，及同(tong)(tong)知(zhi)，移駐廣安(an)城(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)市老(lao)城(cheng)(cheng))，行(xing)政中心(xin)移至今(jin)(jin)吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)市。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong)治九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，浩罕汗國(guo)阿(a)古柏(bo)侵(qin)占吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)、辟(pi)(pi)展(zhan)(zhan)、托(tuo)(tuo)克遜各城(cheng)(cheng)，在各城(cheng)(cheng)建回(hui)城(cheng)(cheng)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1877年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)收復吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)、辟(pi)(pi)展(zhan)(zhan)、托(tuo)(tuo)克遜。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1884年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，新疆建省。吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)直隸廳(ting)成立(li)，轄今(jin)(jin)吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)、鄯善(shan)(shan)(shan)、托(tuo)(tuo)克遜范圍。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)二十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1902年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，辟(pi)(pi)展(zhan)(zhan)巡檢改置為鄯善(shan)(shan)(shan)縣，隸屬吐(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)(fan)(fan)廳(ting)。民國(guo)時期，扎(zha)薩克制(zhi)(zhi)廢棄。

　　民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，吐(tu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)番(fan)地區(qu)(qu)仍沿襲(xi)清建置。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，吐(tu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)番(fan)直隸(li)(li)(li)廳改(gai)置為(wei)吐(tu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)番(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，轄今吐(tu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)番(fan)市(shi)、托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)遜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)范圍。同與鄯(shan)善(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)隸(li)(li)(li)屬迪(di)化道(今烏魯(lu)(lu)(lu)木齊)。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，吐(tu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)番(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄯(shan)善(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬焉耆道。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)署改(gai)為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)知(zhi)事改(gai)為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)下設鄉(xiang)(xiang)，改(gai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)約為(wei)農官。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，置托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)遜設治局。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)二十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，推行(xing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、區(qu)(qu)(鄉(xiang)(xiang))制。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，置托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)遜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)二十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))后，吐(tu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)番(fan)、鄯(shan)善(shan)、托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)遜三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)先后隸(li)(li)(li)屬迪(di)化行(xing)政區(qu)(qu)，迪(di)化專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1944年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨政府推行(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(鎮(zhen))、保(甲(jia))制。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，吐(tu)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)番(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)共(gong)有3鎮(zhen)、9鄉(xiang)(xiang)、68保、795甲(jia);鄯(shan)善(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)2鎮(zhen)、5鄉(xiang)(xiang)、24保、196甲(jia);托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)遜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)1鎮(zhen)、3鄉(xiang)(xiang)、20保，120甲(jia)。

　　1949年(nian)(nian)，中華人民(min)共(gong)和國成立。9月25日(ri)、26日(ri)新(xin)疆國民(min)黨通電(dian)起義，吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)、鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)、托(tuo)克(ke)遜(xun)三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和平解放。1950年(nian)(nian)，三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)廢除保(甲)制，建立人民(min)政權，實行區(qu)(qu)(鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))、村制。1950年(nian)(nian)，三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)共(gong)劃區(qu)(qu)12個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)48個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)16個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)16個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge);托(tuo)克(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)16個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。1950年(nian)(nian)至1957年(nian)(nian)，三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)隸(li)(li)屬(shu)迪化專署(后(hou)改(gai)為烏(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)齊專署)。1958年(nian)(nian)，改(gai)區(qu)(qu)(鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))制為社(she)(鎮(zhen)(zhen))、隊制。1958年(nian)(nian)至1969年(nian)(nian)，三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)自治區(qu)(qu)直轄(xia)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。1970年(nian)(nian)至1974年(nian)(nian)，吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、托(tuo)克(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)隸(li)(li)屬(shu)烏(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)齊市(shi)。鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)隸(li)(li)屬(shu)哈密地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。1975年(nian)(nian)7月，吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)成立，轄(xia)吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)、鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)、托(tuo)克(ke)遜(xun)三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，共(gong)有(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，公(gong)社(she)17個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，園藝場(chang)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia)鎮(zhen)(zhen)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、公(gong)社(she)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、園藝場(chang)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge);鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia)鎮(zhen)(zhen)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、公(gong)社(she)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、園藝場(chang)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、托(tuo)克(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia)鎮(zhen)(zhen)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、公(gong)社(she)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。1984年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)推行鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(鎮(zhen)(zhen))、村制。同年(nian)(nian)12月，經國務院批準，吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)改(gai)置為市(shi)。現吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)轄(xia)吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)市(shi) 、鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、托(tuo)克(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。共(gong)有(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)10個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，民(min)族鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，街道辦(ban)(ban)事處(chu)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。吐(tu)(tu)魯(lu)番(fan)市(shi)下(xia)轄(xia)老城路辦(ban)(ban)事處(chu)、高昌路辦(ban)(ban)事處(chu)，七泉湖鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大河沿鎮(zhen)(zhen)，亞爾(er)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、艾丁湖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三(san)堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、二堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、葡(pu)萄鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、勝金鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、恰特(te)喀勒(le)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)下(xia)轄(xia)鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、魯(lu)克(ke)沁(qin)(qin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、連木(mu)沁(qin)(qin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)火車站鎮(zhen)(zhen)、七克(ke)臺(tai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，東巴(ba)扎(zha)回族鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、辟展鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、達朗坎鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、迪坎鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、吐(tu)(tu)峪溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。托(tuo)克(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)下(xia)轄(xia)托(tuo)克(ke)遜(xun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、庫米什鎮(zhen)(zhen)、克(ke)爾(er)堿鎮(zhen)(zhen)，夏鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、郭勒(le)布(bu)依鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、伊拉湖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、博斯坦鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。