中國面積最大的省區

　　新疆是中國(guo)面(mian)積最大(da)的省區

　　新(xin)疆(jiang)維(wei)吾(wu)爾(er)自(zi)治區，簡稱新(xin)疆(jiang)或新(xin)，地(di)(di)處中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)西(xi)北(bei)邊(bian)(bian)陲，面積(ji)166.49萬平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里，占中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)土面積(ji)的(de)六分之(zhi)一，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面積(ji)最(zui)(zui)大的(de)省級行政區。新(xin)疆(jiang)地(di)(di)處亞(ya)歐(ou)大陸(lu)腹(fu)地(di)(di)，從東北(bei)至西(xi)南與蒙古、俄羅斯、哈薩(sa)克(ke)斯坦、吉(ji)爾(er)吉(ji)斯斯坦、塔吉(ji)克(ke)斯坦、阿(a)富汗、巴基斯坦及(ji)印度等(deng)八(ba)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)接壤，邊(bian)(bian)境線長5600公(gong)(gong)里，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)邊(bian)(bian)境線最(zui)(zui)長、對外開放(fang)口岸最(zui)(zui)多(duo)、戰略地(di)(di)位十(shi)分重要(yao)的(de)省區。新(xin)疆(jiang)曾是(shi)(shi)古絲綢之(zhi)路的(de)重要(yao)通道(dao)，現在又成為第二座(zuo)“亞(ya)歐(ou)大陸(lu)橋(qiao)”的(de)橋(qiao)頭堡。

　　地域遼闊的新疆

　　新(xin)疆(jiang)，古(gu)(gu)稱西(xi)域，意(yi)為中(zhong)國的(de)(de)西(xi)部疆(jiang)域。新(xin)疆(jiang)自(zi)古(gu)(gu)以來就是一個多民(min)族聚居和多宗教并(bing)存的(de)(de)地區，從西(xi)漢(公(gong)元前206-公(gong)元24年(nian)(nian)(nian))開始成(cheng)(cheng)為中(zhong)國統一的(de)(de)多民(min)族國家不可分割的(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分。1884年(nian)(nian)(nian)，清政府正(zheng)式(shi)在新(xin)疆(jiang)設省(sheng)，并(bing)取“故土新(xin)歸”之意(yi)，改稱西(xi)域為“新(xin)疆(jiang)”。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)新(xin)疆(jiang)和平(ping)解放(fang)，1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月1日成(cheng)(cheng)立新(xin)疆(jiang)維吾爾(er)自(zi)治(zhi)區。

　　天馬故鄉(xiang)--新疆伊(yi)犁

　　新(xin)疆(jiang)維吾爾(er)(er)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)下轄(xia)5個(ge)(ge)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)：伊(yi)犁哈薩克自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、博爾(er)(er)塔(ta)拉(la)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、昌吉回族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、巴音(yin)郭楞蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、克孜(zi)勒蘇柯爾(er)(er)克孜(zi)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou);7個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)：塔(ta)城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、阿(a)勒泰(tai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、吐(tu)魯番地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、哈密(mi)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、阿(a)克蘇地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、喀(ka)什地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、和田地(di)(di)(di)區(qu);2個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)級市：烏魯木(mu)(mu)齊市、克拉(la)瑪依市;4個(ge)(ge)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)轄(xia)市：石河子市、阿(a)拉(la)爾(er)(er)市、圖木(mu)(mu)舒克市和五家渠(qu)市;16個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轄(xia)市、62個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)、6個(ge)(ge)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、628個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(其中含43個(ge)(ge)民(min)族(zu)鄉(xiang))、229個(ge)(ge)鎮、145個(ge)(ge)街道(dao)辦事處。自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)首府為烏魯木(mu)(mu)齊市。新(xin)疆(jiang)生產建設兵團是(shi)新(xin)疆(jiang)的(de)重要組成部(bu)分，下轄(xia)14個(ge)(ge)師， 179個(ge)(ge)農牧團場。

　　新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)現有(you)53個(ge)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成份。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)世(shi)居民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)維吾爾(er)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、哈薩克(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、回(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、柯爾(er)克(ke)孜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、蒙古(gu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、塔(ta)吉(ji)(ji)克(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、錫伯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、滿族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、烏孜別克(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、俄羅斯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、達斡(wo)(wo)爾(er)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、塔(ta)塔(ta)爾(er)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等13個(ge)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國五個(ge)少數民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治區(qu)之(zhi)一。2005年末(mo)，新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)總人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)為(wei)2010.35萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)少數民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)1214.69萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占(zhan)(zhan)總人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的60.42%。各民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)數量及所占(zhan)(zhan)比率(lv)為(wei)：維吾爾(er)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)923.50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占(zhan)(zhan)總人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的45.94%;漢(han)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)795.66萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占(zhan)(zhan)39.58%;哈薩克(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)141.39萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占(zhan)(zhan)7.03%;回(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)89.35萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占(zhan)(zhan)4.44%，柯爾(er)克(ke)孜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)17.15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占(zhan)(zhan)0.85%;蒙古(gu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)17.17萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占(zhan)(zhan)0.85%;塔(ta)吉(ji)(ji)克(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)4.40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，錫伯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)4.15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，滿族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)2.46萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，烏孜別克(ke)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)1.51萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，俄羅斯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)1.12萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，達斡(wo)(wo)爾(er)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)0.64萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，塔(ta)塔(ta)爾(er)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)0.47萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，其(qi)他民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)11.37萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，占(zhan)(zhan)0.57%。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)自然(ran)增長(chang)率(lv)11.4‰。

　　秋天(tian),南疆沙(sha)漠中(zhong)美(mei)麗(li)的胡楊

　　新(xin)疆(jiang)地(di)(di)域遼闊(kuo)，地(di)(di)形多樣(yang)。山(shan)(shan)脈與盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)相間排列，盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)被高山(shan)(shan)環抱，俗喻“三山(shan)(shan)夾兩盆(pen)(pen)(pen)”。北部有(you)阿(a)爾(er)泰山(shan)(shan)脈，南部有(you)昆侖(lun)山(shan)(shan)脈，天山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈橫亙中(zhong)部，把新(xin)疆(jiang)分為(wei)南北兩大部分，北部是準噶(ga)爾(er)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)38萬平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li))，南部是塔(ta)里(li)木盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)56萬平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li))。習(xi)慣(guan)上稱(cheng)天山(shan)(shan)以南為(wei)南疆(jiang)，天山(shan)(shan)以北為(wei)北疆(jiang)。哈密、吐(tu)魯番盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)一帶稱(cheng)東疆(jiang)。塔(ta)里(li)木盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)是中(zhong)國(guo)最(zui)大的(de)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)，塔(ta)克拉(la)瑪干(gan)沙漠位于盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)中(zhong)部，面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)32.4萬平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，是中(zhong)國(guo)最(zui)大、世(shi)界第二大流(liu)(liu)(liu)動沙漠。新(xin)疆(jiang)冰川(chuan)資源(yuan)豐富，有(you)大小冰川(chuan)約1.86萬條。有(you)大小河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)570多條。除額爾(er)齊斯河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入北冰洋外，其(qi)余(yu)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)均(jun)是內陸河(he)(he)。塔(ta)里(li)木河(he)(he)全長2437公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，是中(zhong)國(guo)最(zui)長的(de)內陸河(he)(he)。新(xin)疆(jiang)湖泊眾多，水(shui)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)5504.5平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，其(qi)中(zhong)博斯騰湖水(shui)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)972平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，是中(zhong)國(guo)最(zui)大的(de)內陸淡水(shui)湖。新(xin)疆(jiang)東部吐(tu)魯番盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)的(de)艾丁(ding)湖低(di)(di)于海平(ping)面(mian)(mian)154米，是中(zhong)國(guo)陸地(di)(di)的(de)最(zui)低(di)(di)處，也(ye)是世(shi)界第二低(di)(di)處。