新疆工藝品及生活用品特產---和田地毯

　　和田地毯

　　(本站編(bian)輯(ji)8tdc.com.cn)馳名中外的(de)(de)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)，以其(qi)精(jing)湛(zhan)的(de)(de)工藝(yi)和(he)(he)獨特的(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)風格被人們垂青。和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)是(shi)(shi)新疆地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)代表作(zuo)，其(qi)歷史(shi)也十分(fen)悠久，早在(zai)(zai)2000年(nian)前，和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)就有(you)(you)關于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)。1959年(nian)出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)區民豐(feng)縣(xian)的(de)(de)古精(jing)絕國故址的(de)(de)墓葬(zang)中，出(chu)土(tu)了一塊地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)殘片，經(jing)考證為東漢(han)時期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)品。這是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國歷史(shi)上(shang)發現最(zui)早的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)實物(wu)(wu)。同(tong)時出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)一佉盧文中簡上(shang)已有(you)(you)“地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)”、“和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)”等字(zi)樣。可見(jian)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)悠久。關于(yu)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)，在(zai)(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)還流傳著動人的(de)(de)故事。據說在(zai)(zai)東漢(han)時期(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)玉(yu)龍的(de)(de)喀什(shen)河畔，有(you)(you)位叫阿克(ke)西(xi)凡的(de)(de)農民，他聰(cong)明(ming)勤奮(fen)，充分(fen)運用當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)棉花、羊毛(mao)特產(chan)，研(yan)究出(chu)用面(mian)線做(zuo)經(jing)線，用羊毛(mao)線織(zhi)扣栽(zai)絨的(de)(de)辦(ban)法，織(zhi)出(chu)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)絢麗多(duo)彩。他的(de)(de)發明(ming)創造很快流傳到和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)、喀什(shen)等地(di)(di)(di)，后來人們把阿克(ke)西(xi)凡稱(cheng)為“地(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)之父(fu)”

　　和(he)(he)(he)(he)田地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)鮮明的(de)(de)(de)民族特點(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)濃郁的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)色彩，被稱為(wei)獨具(ju)(ju)一格的(de)(de)(de)“東方(fang)式”地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。其(qi)特點(dian)(dian)是多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)邊框，幾(ji)何圖形(xing)內填入(ru)豐富多(duo)(duo)變的(de)(de)(de)紋飾，結構嚴(yan)整而(er)富有(you)(you)(you)韻(yun)律，形(xing)式多(duo)(duo)樣而(er)富有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)活氣息。其(qi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)鋪毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、掛毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、坐墊毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、褥毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)等。，為(wei)美化(hua)維吾爾族人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)家庭起了(le)舉(ju)足(zu)輕(qing)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。和(he)(he)(he)(he)田地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)已是和(he)(he)(he)(he)田地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)傳統工(gong)藝，除了(le)工(gong)廠制作(zuo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)外(wai)，許多(duo)(duo)家庭以戶(hu)為(wei)單位(wei)也在(zai)制作(zuo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)句歌謠中說：“天山有(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)云(yun)彩，和(he)(he)(he)(he)田有(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”。可見(jian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)田地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)在(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)普及程度了(le)。同時織(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術也相當(dang)普及，連八、九歲的(de)(de)(de)孩子也會織(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。和(he)(he)(he)(he)田地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)之聞名，除了(le)精湛的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝外(wai)，還和(he)(he)(he)(he)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)田羊(yang)毛有(you)(you)(you)密切關系，當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)半粗羊(yang)毛是織(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)田地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)料來源。這種(zhong)羊(yang)毛富有(you)(you)(you)彈性，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)耐拉(la)、耐壓和(he)(he)(he)(he)光澤好(hao)等優點(dian)(dian)，這為(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)田人(ren)織(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)創造(zao)了(le)得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。近(jin)年來，和(he)(he)(he)(he)田地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)在(zai)染毛線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)染料和(he)(he)(he)(he)織(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝上都有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)改進(jin)，使地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質穩定，毯(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)面清潔(jie)，花紋更清晰。(本(ben)文結束(shu))