新疆畜及畜產品特產-新疆馬鹿

　　新疆馬鹿 (本站編輯8tdc.com.cn)新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)形大(da)(da)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)茸(rong)多、耐粗飼(si)、適應性(xing)強、經濟效益高(gao)(gao)、野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)資源(yuan)雄厚(hou)、易于馴(xun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)優良(liang)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。主要分布在阿勒泰(tai)山、天(tian)(tian)山山地和(he)塔(ta)(ta)里(li)(li)木(mu)(mu)(mu)盆地。產(chan)(chan)(chan)區境內有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)資源(yuan)。馴(xun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)除自繁自養(yang)(yang)(yang)外(wai)，并捕捉野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)仔(zi)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)進(jin)行馴(xun)化，是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群處于野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)與馴(xun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)相結(jie)(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)并存(cun)狀態。據調查估(gu)算，新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)有(you)15萬余頭(tou)(tou)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)區氣候濕潤，降雨較多，牧(mu)草豐富，在海拔1500~3000米(mi)(mi)之間，適應野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)生(sheng)長。新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由當地野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)馬(ma)(ma)路馴(xun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)而來的(de)(de)(de)。馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)較大(da)(da)，頭(tou)(tou)高(gao)(gao)昂(ang)，富有(you)悍威。額(e)部較平，眼中等大(da)(da)，耳較大(da)(da)，呈圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)1周歲開始長角，成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)分數叉(cha)，母鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)無(wu)角，稍有(you)隆起。新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)分為(wei)北疆(jiang)(jiang)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、東疆(jiang)(jiang)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)塔(ta)(ta)里(li)(li)木(mu)(mu)(mu)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)、外(wai)貌也(ye)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)差別。一(yi)(yi)般北疆(jiang)(jiang)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)要比塔(ta)(ta)里(li)(li)木(mu)(mu)(mu)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)東疆(jiang)(jiang)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)要大(da)(da)。北疆(jiang)(jiang)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)140~150厘米(mi)(mi)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)240~260公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin);母鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)120~140厘米(mi)(mi)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)180~210公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。塔(ta)(ta)里(li)(li)木(mu)(mu)(mu)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)130~140厘米(mi)(mi)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)200~240公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)130~140厘米(mi)(mi)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)200~240公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin);母鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)110~130厘米(mi)(mi)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)170~190公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。馴(xun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) ，平均(jun)每(mei)(mei)頭(tou)(tou)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)干鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)茸(rong)約1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。北疆(jiang)(jiang)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)每(mei)(mei)頭(tou)(tou)可產(chan)(chan)(chan)凈(jing)(jing)肉近(jin)百公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，塔(ta)(ta)里(li)(li)木(mu)(mu)(mu)馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)每(mei)(mei)頭(tou)(tou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)可產(chan)(chan)(chan)凈(jing)(jing)肉75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)全身幾(ji)乎都(dou)可以入藥，如胎衣、胎兒、血、筋、尾(wei)、鞭(bian)、腎、肝、心等均(jun)為(wei)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)藥材。馬(ma)(ma)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)16~18月齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟，一(yi)(yi)般公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)4歲、母鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)3歲可以配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式多為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)母混群，自然配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。受胎率可達90%以上，妊娠期225~245天(tian)(tian)。一(yi)(yi)般一(yi)(yi)胎一(yi)(yi)仔(zi)，偶然也(ye)有(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)雙胎的(de)(de)(de)。(本文結(jie)(jie)束(shu))