新疆畜及畜產品特產-新疆鵝

　　新疆鶚

　　(本(ben)站編(bian)輯8tdc.com.cn)新(xin)疆(jiang)鵝(e)源(yuan)于灰(hui)燕，與起源(yuan)于鴻雁的(de)(de)(de)中國其(qi)他鵝(e)鐘不(bu)同。新(xin)疆(jiang)鵝(e)的(de)(de)(de)體形外貌(mao)、生(sheng)物學(xue)特征和(he)上產性能仍與其(qi)他野生(sheng)祖先灰(hui)燕相似(si)，是一個(ge)馴(xun)化(hua)(hua)歷(li)史不(bu)長、馴(xun)化(hua)(hua)程度(du)不(bu)高的(de)(de)(de)半野生(sheng)型(xing)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)。新(xin)疆(jiang)鵝(e)耐嚴寒最低零下攝氏40°、耐高溫攝氏40°，既能生(sheng)活在河流、湖(hu)泊沿岸水域，又能在草原上旱(han)養，也(ye)不(bu)得病(bing)，是抗病(bing)力強、適應(ying)性極強的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)。

　　新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)原名有(you)(you)(you)伊(yi)犁鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)、塔(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)、飛(fei)(fei)(fei)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)、草鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)、雁鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)等(deng)，其名稱不(bu)一。通過調查，認為(wei)屬(shu)同種(zhong)異種(zhong)，現(xian)統稱新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)。產(chan)(chan)區主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分布在新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)西部(bu)和(he)西北部(bu)。中(zhong)心產(chan)(chan)區為(wei)伊(yi)犁、塔(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)一帶。另外(wai)，博(bo)爾塔(ta)拉、阿勒泰、和(he)田(tian)、喀什、阿克蘇、焉耆和(he)烏(wu)魯木齊等(deng)亦有(you)(you)(you)分布。僅伊(yi)犁、塔(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)兩個地(di)(di)區就有(you)(you)(you)新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)達10萬只以(yi)上。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)6℃~8℃，絕(jue)對(dui)氣溫(wen)40℃，絕(jue)對(dui)氣溫(wen)—40℃以(yi)下，年(nian)降水量200~500厘(li)(li)米(mi)。屬(shu)溫(wen)和(he)干旱(han)、溫(wen)涼干旱(han)區三個氣候區。新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)馴化(hua)歷史距今(jin)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)200余年(nian)。《塔(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)縣志》記(ji)載，清(qing)乾隆31年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1766年(nian))，既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)養(yang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)。新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)是當地(di)(di)群眾在葦灘中(zhong)撿蛋(dan)、雛燕(yan)長(chang)期用(yong)以(yi)孵化(hua)和(he)馴養(yang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)品種(zhong)。新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)頭(tou)(tou)上無額皰，頸(jing)較(jiao)短，體(ti)軀呈扁平(ping)橢圓形(xing)，腿短粗，羽毛緊(jin)湊，翼(yi)尾(wei)較(jiao)長(chang)。喙(hui)象牙色(se)，喙(hui)豆(dou)。脛、趾、蹼橘紅色(se)。眼(yan)藍灰色(se)、羽毛大(da)(da)體(ti)分為(wei)灰、白、花三色(se)。新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)胸寬(kuan)大(da)(da)于(yu)胸深并大(da)(da)于(yu)骨盆寬(kuan)，翹長(chang)超過18厘(li)(li)。成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)4.3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)3.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤。母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)最多(duo)15~16枚(mei)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)供繁殖后代用(yong)，蛋(dan)重(zhong)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)153.91克。體(ti)重(zhong)可(ke)達5~7公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，產(chan)(chan)油(you)0.5~1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，全(quan)凈膛(tang)屠(tu)宰率75.5%。平(ping)均(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)羽絨量288克，產(chan)(chan)絨量223克。7~8只鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)絨即可(ke)做一個大(da)(da)方枕頭(tou)(tou)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)10月齡性成(cheng)(cheng)熟，1只母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)可(ke)孵8~10枚(mei)蛋(dan)，一般不(bu)超過13枚(mei)。孵化(hua)期為(wei)30~31天。成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)可(ke)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)10~100米(mi)高、3~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)遠，最遠可(ke)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)出10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)以(yi)外(wai)。草場(chang)吃草，早出晚歸。起飛(fei)(fei)(fei)排成(cheng)(cheng)“人(ren)(ren)“字形(xing)或“一”字形(xing)，合群性好(hao)，記(ji)憶強，很(hen)少丟。(本文結束)